Mulco: Recognizing Chinese Nested Named Entities Through Multiple Scopes

Nested Named Entity Recognition (NNER) has been a long-term challenge to researchers as an important sub-area of Named Entity Recognition. NNER is where one entity may be part of a longer entity, and this may happen on multiple levels, as the term nested suggests. These nested structures make traditional sequence labeling methods unable to properly recognize all entities. While recent researches focus on designing better recognition methods for NNER in a variety of languages, the Chinese NNER (CNNER) still lacks attention, where a free-for-access, CNNER-specialized benchmark is absent. In this paper, we aim to solve CNNER problems by providing a Chinese dataset and a learning-based model to tackle the issue. To facilitate the research on this task, we release ChiNesE, a CNNER dataset with 20,000 sentences sampled from online passages of multiple domains, containing 117,284 entities failing in 10 categories, where 43.8 percent of those entities are nested. Based on ChiNesE, we propose Mulco, a novel method that can recognize named entities in nested structures through multiple scopes. Each scope use a designed scope-based sequence labeling method, which predicts an anchor and the length of a named entity to recognize it. Experiment results show that Mulco has outperformed several baseline methods with the different recognizing schemes on ChiNesE. We also conduct extensive experiments on ACE2005 Chinese corpus, where Mulco has achieved the best performance compared with the baseline methods

Combined effects of tenofovir and interferon α1b on viral load and levels of peripheral regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B subjects

Purpose: To study the combined effects of tenofovir and interferon α1b on viral load and peripheral blood regulatory T cell concentrations of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subjects. Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (86 cases) were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and study group. In control subjects, tenofovir was given orally (300 mg/kg bwt/day). In addition to tenofovir, the study group received interferon α1b injection intramuscularly at a dose of 50 μg/kg thrice a week. Liver function, serum hepatitis B viral (HBV) load, and serum levels of peripheral blood regulatory T-lymphocytes were determined. Clinical effectiveness and adverse reactions in both groups were also assessed. Results: After treatment, total effectiveness was higher in the study group (86.04 %) than in control patients (62.79 %) (p < 0.05). Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) significantly decreased in the study group, relative to control, but HBV DNAnegative, HbeAg-negative and HbsAg-negative cells were markedly higher in patients in the study group (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were higher CD4+ T and CD8+ T counts, and CD4+ T/CD8+ T ratio in study subjects than in control subjects (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of tenofovir with interferon α1b effectively improves liver functions in patients with CHB, reduces viral load, and exerts anti-HBV effect by regulating the levels of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes

Maximizing Drilling Performance with Real-Time surveillance system Based on Parameters Optimization Algorithm

With deeper exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs, a novel drilling parameters optimization algorithm, named as Navigation Optimization (NAVO) based on mechanical specific energy (MSE) theory, was investigated to continually improve the rate of penetration (ROP) and drilling performance. From the perspectives of rock mechanics and conservation of energy, the relationship among drilling parameters, ROP and MSE has been derived from comprehensive analysis of optimized drilling mechanism. Based on the R.Teale MSE model, the specific energy concept, considering the effect of hydraulics energy on rock breaking efficiency, is further extended based on the hydro-mechanical specific energy (HMSE). With the principle of maximum ROP and minimum HMSE, drilling parameter recommendation model was established, and a real-time drilling optimization system was developed and named as DrillNAV. The DrillNAV system could monitor all dynamic drilling parameters during drilling operations and feed back the advisory for drillers in real time. A pilot test showed the use of DrillNAV provided about 35% higher ROP with identification of downhole vibrations. It showed that NAVO algorithm can optimize drilling parameters in real time, which can be used to drilling performance evaluation and rock breaking analysis so as to raise the ROP and reduce drilling cost.Key Words: Navigation optimization; Hydro-mechanical Specific energy; Drilling parameter recommendation; DrillNAV systemWith deeper exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs, a novel drilling parameters optimization algorithm, named as Navigation Optimization (NAVO) based on mechanical specific energy (MSE) theory, was investigated to continually improve the rate of penetration (ROP) and drilling performance. From the perspectives of rock mechanics and conservation of energy, the relationship among drilling parameters, ROP and MSE has been derived from comprehensive analysis of optimized drilling mechanism. Based on the R.Teale MSE model, the specific energy concept, considering the effect of hydraulics energy on rock breaking efficiency, is further extended based on the hydro-mechanical specific energy (HMSE). With the principle of maximum ROP and minimum HMSE, drilling parameter recommendation model was established, and a real-time drilling optimization system was developed and named as DrillNAV. The DrillNAV system could monitor all dynamic drilling parameters during drilling operations and feed back the advisory for drillers in real time. A pilot test showed the use of DrillNAV provided about 35% higher ROP with identification of downhole vibrations. It showed that NAVO algorithm can optimize drilling parameters in real time, which can be used to drilling performance evaluation and rock breaking analysis so as to raise the ROP and reduce drilling cost

Multi-tests for pore structure characterization-A case study using lamprophyre

The pore structure plays an important role to understand methane adsorption, storage and flow behavior of geological materials. In this paper, the multi-tests including N2 adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and CT reconstruction have been proposed on Tashan lamprophyre samples. The main findings are listed: (1) The pore size distribution has a broad range ranging from 2-100000nm, among which the adsorption pores (\u3c100nm) occupies the mainly specific surface areas and pore volume while the seepage pores (\u3e100nm) only account for 34% of total pore volume. (2) The lamprophyre open pores are mainly slit-like/plate-like and ink-bottle-shaped pores on a two-dimensional level. The lamprophyre 3D pore structure shows more stochastic and anisotropic extension on the z axis to form a complex pore system on a three-dimensional level. (3) The closed pores (\u3e647nm) occupy averaged 74.86% and 72.75% of total pores (\u3e647nm) volume and specific surface area indicating a poor connectivity pore system. The revealed results provide basic information for understanding the abnormal methane emission reasons in similar geological conditions with lamprophyre invasions

Cardiomyocyte-Restricted Deletion of PPARβ/δ in PPARα-Null Mice Causes Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Defense, but No Further Depression of Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation

It is well documented that PPARα and PPARβ/δ share overlapping functions in regulating myocardial lipid metabolism. However, previous studies demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency in mice leads to severe cardiac pathological development, whereas global PPARα knockout shows a benign cardiac phenotype. It is unknown whether a PPARα-null background would alter the pathological development in mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency. In the present study, a mouse model with long-term PPARβ/δ deficiency in PPARα-null background showed a comparably reduced cardiac expression of lipid metabolism to those of single PPAR-deficient mouse models. The PPARα-null background did not rescue or aggravate the cardiac pathological development linked to cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency. Moreover, PPARα-null did not alter the phenotypic development in adult mice with the short-term deletion of PPARβ/δ in their hearts, which showed mitochondrial abnormalities, depressed cardiac performance, and cardiac hypertrophy with attenuated expression of key factors in mitochondrial biogenesis and defense. The present study demonstrates that cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of PPARβ/δ in PPARα-null mice causes impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defense, but no further depression of fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, PPARβ/δ is essential for maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis and defense in cardiomyocytes independent of PPARα

P2y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1–3 months dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionIn patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), whether short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by P2Y12 inhibitors confers benefits compared with standard DAPT remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 1–3 months of DAPT followed by P2Y12 monotherapy in patients with CAD and CKD undergoing PCI.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after a 1–3 months DAPT vs. DAPT in patients with CAD and CKD after PCI. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target-vessel revascularization, and stroke. The safety outcome was the major bleeding events, defined as a composite of TIMI major bleeding or Bleeding Academic Research and Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a fixed- or random-effects model depending on the heterogeneity among studies.ResultsFour RCTs including 20,468 patients (2,833 patients with CKD and 17,635 without CKD) comparing P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy with DAPT were included in our meta-analysis. Patients with CAD and CKD had higher risk of ischemic and bleeding events. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1–3 months of DAPT significantly reduced the risk of major bleeding compared to DAPT in CKD patients (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.95, P = 0.02) and non-CKD patients (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.89, P = 0.01). No significant difference regarding MACEs between P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy and DAPT was found in CKD patients (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.59–1.31, P = 0.53) and non-CKD (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.79–1.04, P = 0.17).ConclusionP2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1–3 months of DAPT was an effective strategy for lowering major bleeding complications without increasing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and CKD undergoing PCI as compared with DAPTSystematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022355228

Bayesian Estimation of Latent Space Item Response Models with <tt>JAGS</tt>, <tt>Stan</tt>, and <tt>NIMBLE</tt> in <tt>R</tt>

The latent space item response model (LSIRM) is a newly-developed approach to analyzing and visualizing conditional dependencies in item response data, manifested as the interactions between respondents and items, between respondents, and between items. This paper provides a practical guide to the Bayesian estimation of LSIRM using three open-source software options, JAGS, Stan, and NIMBLE in R. By means of an empirical example, we illustrate LSIRM estimation, providing details on the model specification and implementation, convergence diagnostics, model fit evaluations and interaction map visualizations